Tech Articles
Understanding Python’s `min()` and `max()` Functions
Core guide to Python’s `min()` and `max()` functions.
Understanding the `return` Statement in Python
Explains how Python's `return` works in functions.
How to Use `random.choice()` in Python
How to safely and effectively use `random.choice()` in Python.
Understanding Python's `dict.get()` Method
Safe key lookup in Python dictionaries with defaults.
Understanding Optional Arguments in Python
How to use Python optional arguments safely and effectively.
How to Square a Number in Python
Multiple ways to square numbers in Python, each with different uses.
How to Use Python `requests` for POST Requests
Make POST requests easily using Python `requests`.
How to Use Python `if...else` in One Line
Use Python's one-line `if...else` for concise, readable conditional logic.
Understanding Array Length in Python
How to get array length in Python across types.
How to Download and Install Anaconda Python
Step-by-step guide for downloading and installing Anaconda Python.
Locking Rows in SQL: Inside SELECT FOR UPDATE
How SELECT FOR UPDATE locks rows and manages concurrency in SQL.
Distributed UUID Generation with the Snowflake Algorithm
In Internet business systems, there are various types of IDs. These IDs need to ensure global uniqueness, and such IDs are called distributed IDs. Distributed IDs need to meet characteristics such as uniqueness, incremental trend, high availability, and high performance.
MySQL Table Design: 14 Golden Rules
A complete checklist for robust MySQL table design and schema best practices.
When to Use Composite Indexes in SQL
When and why to use composite indexes for better SQL query performance.
React vs Svelte: Side-by-Side Feature Analysis
This article has made a detailed comparison between the React and Svelte frameworks from ten aspects, including rendering mode, state management, property passing, child component handling, lifecycle, side effects, computed properties, conditional rendering, looping, global state management, and asynchronous rendering, covering their basic usage methods. It is believed that after reading this article, readers have gained a more comprehensive understanding of Svelte. These two UI frameworks each have their own advantages. Which one do you appreciate more? You are welcome to share your views in the comment section.
Understanding Rust's Any Trait: Type Introspection Without Reflection
A deep dive into Rust’s Any trait, its use cases, and comparison with traditional reflection.
Getting Started with NestJS: Build Skills Step by Step
From the native HTTP module of Node.js to Express, and then to NestJS and Next.js, we have witnessed the continuous evolution of web application development technologies. With its powerful architectural design capabilities, NestJS provides a structured solution for enterprise-level application development, making it an ideal choice for dealing with complex projects. Next.js, on the other hand, shows unique advantages in the fields of full-stack applications and front-end rendering. Although Express has certain limitations in large projects, it still has irreplaceable value when quickly building lightweight web applications. Developers should choose the most suitable technical solution according to the specific requirements of the project. Subsequent articles will delve into the core concepts and practical skills of NestJS to help developers quickly master this powerful framework.
Async/Await in Python: A Complete Guide to Coroutines
In addition to the above asynchronous methods, there are other asynchronous approaches in Python, such as using callback functions or third - party libraries like Gevent. Each method has its own advantages and limitations. For example, threads are suitable for I/O - bound tasks but are limited by the GIL (Global Interpreter Lock); multiprocessing is suitable for CPU - intensive tasks but has higher memory overhead; third - party libraries provide specialized functions and optimizations but may increase the complexity of the project. In contrast, the `async/await` syntax provides a more modern and readable way of asynchronous programming and is currently the recommended method for handling asynchronous operations in Python.
How HTTP Caching Works: A Detailed Explanation
This article comprehensively introduces the HTTP caching mechanism, covering cache types, response statuses, cache control, cache refresh, Revving, cache verification, and Vary responses. In practical applications, a deep understanding and reasonable application of the HTTP caching mechanism can help improve website performance and user experience.
Started with Prisma: The Best ORM for Node.js
Prisma is regarded as the next-generation ORM (Object Relational Mapping) tool, developed based on TypeScript, which provides powerful type safety. This article will use Koa.js to build a simple web service and combine it with a MySQL database to demonstrate how to implement the operations of creating, reading, updating, and deleting (CRUD) data through Prisma.
Rust Traits Explained: How They Work and Why They Matter
A deep dive into Rust traits, covering usage patterns and internal implementation details.
How Node.js Web Frameworks Really Work? (Inside Express.js & Next.js)
At this point, a request has been sent back to the client via TCP. This article only explores the main processing flow. In fact, the Node.js source code also takes into account more situations, such as timeout handling, the caching mechanism when the `socket` is occupied, special header handling, countermeasures for problems upstream, and more efficient written header querying, etc. These details are all worthy of in-depth study and learning. Through the analysis of the `http` module source code, we can better understand how to use it to build powerful web frameworks.
Traits and Trait Bounds in Rust: A Comprehensive Guide
Overview of traits and trait bounds in Rust for abstraction and generic constraints.
Creating a Gin-Like Web Framework in Go from the Ground Up
In modern web development, an efficient and flexible routing system is one of the core components of building web applications. The Go programming language is highly favored in the field of web development due to its high performance, simplicity, and powerful standard library. The `net/http` package in Go is the implementation of an HTTP server in the standard library. Although it is powerful, it is relatively low-level. If you want to handle routing like in lightweight web frameworks such as Gin, we can implement a simplified router ourselves. This article will provide a detailed introduction on how to use the `net` package in Go to implement an HTTP server similar to Gin. At the same time, it will delve into HTTP-related knowledge, common routing implementation methods, and how to implement middleware based on this.
Getting to Know Generic Associated Types in Rust
Dive into Generic Associated Types: the gateway to higher-kinded types in Rust.
Golang Metaprogramming: Why You Should Try in 2025
Although the Go language does not directly provide metaprogramming features, with the help of mechanisms and tools such as code generation, reflection, interfaces, and type assertions, developers can achieve metaprogramming effects, manipulate the code during the programming process, improve the level of abstraction of the code, and enhance the understandability and maintainability of the code. However, when using these techniques, it should be noted that they may introduce complexity and increase the performance overhead at runtime. In reflection operations, various potential errors and boundary conditions should be handled carefully to ensure the stability and efficiency of the code.
Understanding Generics in Rust: A Complete Guide
A comprehensive overview of using generics in Rust functions, structs, enums, and methods.
Deep Dive into Fastify: The High-Performance Node.js Web Framework
Fastify is an efficient and fast Node.js web framework designed to provide optimal performance. Although it is relatively new, it has won the favor of many developers due to its high performance and low overhead. Fastify offers a concise development experience, supports fast routing and a plugin architecture, making it easy for developers to build and expand applications.
Rust’s Atomics Explained: The Indivisibles of Concurrency
An in-depth guide to atomic types, operations, and memory ordering in Rust concurrency.
Go vs Rust/C++: A Comparison of Goroutines and Coroutines
Through an in-depth analysis of stackful and stackless coroutines, we have a clearer understanding of their underlying implementations. Although stackful and stackless coroutines are named according to the context storage mechanism, their essential difference lies in whether they can be suspended in any nested function. This difference determines that stackful coroutines have higher freedom when suspended and are more convenient in terms of being compatible with existing synchronous code; while stackless coroutines, although limited in the freedom of suspension, have higher performance and better memory management capabilities. In practical applications, the appropriate type of coroutine should be selected according to specific needs.
Fearless Concurrency in Rust: Taming Threads Without Losing Sleep
An introduction to Rust's fearless concurrency model with threads, channels, and shared state.
HTTP 1.0 vs 1.1 vs 2.0: A Deep Dive Comparison
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the most widely used network protocol on the Internet, and all WWW files need to follow this standard. Its original design goal was to provide a method for publishing and receiving HTML pages, which is used to transfer hypertext from a WWW server to a local browser, and it uses port 80 by default. When an HTTP client initiates a request, it will establish a TCP connection to the specified port of the server (port 80 by default).
Why You Might Be Using Go’s Equality Operator Wrong
This article comprehensively and in-depth introduced the detailed details of the `==` operation in Go language, covering the behavior of the `==` operation under different data types, the comparison rules of special types, and the impact brought by uncomparable types. It is hoped that through the elaboration of this article, it can help the majority of developers to more accurately and deeply understand and apply the `==` operation in Go language, and avoid various problems caused by insufficient understanding of it in actual programming.
Beginner's Guide to Concurrent Programming in Rust
First steps into concurrent programming in Rust using threads and async
Build a Web App Using Pure Python (No Flask, No Django, No Frameworks!)
Those who have written Python web applications, especially those who have carried out online deployments, must have heard of the WSGI protocol. It defines the data exchange interface between Python's web servers and web applications. This description may be rather abstract, so let's explain it in detail through practical examples below.
Async Programming in Rust: Composing Futures with join!, try_join!, and select!
Learn to run multiple Rust Futures concurrently using join!, try_join!, and select! macros.
The 5 Most Popular Node.js Web Frameworks in 2025
In 2025, the above backend frameworks have stood firm in the market. Whether you choose Express.js for its simplicity, Nest.js for its structure, Adonis.js for its productivity, or Koa.js for its elegance, choosing the right framework is crucial. It always depends on your requirements. It is essential to understand your project requirements and, based on that, select the appropriate framework. Additionally, keeping an eye on the latest trends, new features of existing frameworks, and new frameworks is crucial for the success of your backend development journey in 2025.
Async Programming in Rust: Stream Trait and Its Design
Learn how to use and implement asynchronous streams in Rust using the Stream trait.
Negroni vs. Other Go Middleware Solutions: What Makes It Unique?
Negroni is a very valuable library in Go language HTTP service development. For those who pursue efficient, flexible, and easy-to-maintain Web application development, Negroni is undoubtedly an excellent tool worthy of in-depth understanding and widespread application.
Async Programming in Rust: Futures, Executors, and Task Scheduling
Learn how Rust executes async tasks using Futures, Executors, and the Waker mechanism.
Go & Gorilla/Mux: Everything You Need to Build a Web App
This article introduces the lightweight and powerful routing library `gorilla/mux`. It supports a rich variety of request matching methods, and sub-routes greatly facilitate route management. Since it is compatible with the standard library `net/http`, it can be seamlessly integrated into programs using `net/http` and make use of the middleware resources written for `net/http`. In the next article, we will introduce `gorilla/handlers` — some commonly used middleware.
Understanding Async/Await in Rust
An introduction to Rust's async/await, explaining Futures, executors, and concurrency with practical examples.
Validator: Advanced Struct and Field Validation For Go
The leapcell library (validator) is very rich in functions and relatively simple and convenient to use. The constraint conditions introduced in this article are just the tip of the iceberg of its powerful functions. This library has a wide range of applications in the field of software development, especially web development. It is recommended that developers have an in-depth understanding and mastery of it to improve the efficiency and accuracy of data validation and ensure the security and stability of the system.
Implementing a Rule Engine in Go with Govaluate
Although the operations and types supported by govaluate are limited, it can still implement some interesting functions. For example, you can write a web service that allows users to write their own expressions, set parameters, and let the server calculate the results.
How to Use `json.MarshalIndent` in Golang
Format JSON in Golang with `json.MarshalIndent` for better readability.
Understanding Getters in Go
Go encourages direct field access, using getters only when necessary.
How to Copy a Struct in Golang
Shallow copy is simple, but deep copy is necessary for reference types.
Understanding Bitwise Operations in Go
Bitwise operations in Go improve efficiency in arithmetic, masking, and binary data handling.