Fitz, also known as PyMuPDF, is a powerful Python library for working with PDF documents. It allows you to open, manipulate, and extract information from PDF files with ease. In this article, we'll explore how to use Fitz in Python, complete with practical examples.

Installation

Before using Fitz, ensure that the PyMuPDF library is installed:

pip install pymupdf

Importing the Library

Begin by importing the library:

import fitz  # PyMuPDF

Opening a PDF Document

To open a PDF file, use the fitz.open() function:

pdf_document = fitz.open('example.pdf')

Getting Document Information

You can retrieve various metadata from the document:

# Number of pages
num_pages = pdf_document.page_count
print(f'The document has {num_pages} pages.')

# Metadata
metadata = pdf_document.metadata
print('Metadata:', metadata)

Extracting Text from Pages

To extract text from a specific page:

# Load a specific page (0-based index)
page_number = 0
page = pdf_document.load_page(page_number)

# Extract text
text = page.get_text()
print(f'Text on page {page_number + 1}:\n{text}')

To extract text from all pages:

for page_num in range(pdf_document.page_count):
    page = pdf_document.load_page(page_num)
    text = page.get_text()
    print(f'Text on page {page_num + 1}:\n{text}')

Extracting Images from Pages

To extract images from a specific page:

# Load the page
page = pdf_document.load_page(page_number)

# Get images on the page
image_list = page.get_images(full=True)
print(f'Found {len(image_list)} images on page {page_number + 1}.')

# Process each image
for img_index, img in enumerate(image_list, start=1):
    xref = img[0]
    base_image = pdf_document.extract_image(xref)
    image_bytes = base_image["image"]

    # Save the image
    with open(f'image_page{page_number + 1}_{img_index}.png', 'wb') as image_file:
        image_file.write(image_bytes)

Adding Text to a Page

To add text to a specific page:

# Load the page
page = pdf_document.load_page(page_number)

# Define the text and position
text = "Hello, PyMuPDF!"
position = fitz.Point(100, 100)

# Add text to the page
page.insert_text(position, text, fontsize=12, color=(0, 0, 0))

# Save the changes
pdf_document.save('modified_example.pdf')

Merging PDF Documents

To merge two PDF documents:

# Open the documents
pdf1 = fitz.open('document1.pdf')
pdf2 = fitz.open('document2.pdf')

# Insert pdf2 into pdf1
pdf1.insert_pdf(pdf2)

# Save the merged document
pdf1.save('merged_document.pdf')

Splitting a PDF Document

To extract specific pages into a new PDF:

# Open the original document
pdf_document = fitz.open('example.pdf')

# Create a new PDF for the extracted pages
new_pdf = fitz.open()

# Define the page range to extract (e.g., pages 2 to 4)
start_page = 1  # 0-based index
end_page = 4    # exclusive

# Insert the specified pages into the new PDF
new_pdf.insert_pdf(pdf_document, from_page=start_page, to_page=end_page)

# Save the new PDF
new_pdf.save('extracted_pages.pdf')

Closing the Document

After completing operations on the PDF, close the document to free resources:

pdf_document.close()

Conclusion

Fitz (PyMuPDF) offers a comprehensive set of tools for PDF manipulation in Python, making it a valuable resource for tasks such as text extraction, content modification, and document merging or splitting. For more detailed information and advanced functionalities, refer to the PyMuPDF documentation.

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